The Week in Quantum Computing - January 13th - NVidia, DWave, Unitary FOUNDATION, IonQ, SealsQ and more
Issue #217
Quick Recap
Israel announced its first domestically built 20-qubit quantum computer, a collaboration among the Israel Innovation Authority, IAI, Hebrew University, and Yissum. IonQ's acquisition of Qubitekk strengthens its quantum networking capabilities, aiming to create a quantum internet, supported by a $54.5 million contract with the U.S. Air Force Research Lab. Quantum Motion, in partnership with GlobalFoundries, achieved a breakthrough by integrating 1024 quantum dots on a silicon chip. SEALSQ Corp and WISeSat AG plan to launch satellites featuring post-quantum cryptography, enhancing secure communications. Research developments also made headlines, with Martin Ringbauer's team demonstrating verifiable quantum random sampling using trapped ions. Thibault Charpentier and Benjamin Sacépé's study on quantum phase transitions in amorphous superconductors could reshape future quantum technologies. Quantum simulators are gaining traction, with institutions like MIT and IBM exploring their potential to solve complex quantum problems.
And of course, the Nvidia and Quantum public companies feud. From the conversation here: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sergiogh_ok-i-couldnt-help-myself-whats-up-with-activity-7283493948264710145-wwKg
Ok, I couldn’t help myself. What’s up with quantum stocks lately? In Spanish, we have a saying: “La que has liao pollito,” roughly translating to, “What a mess you’ve made, little chicken.” And that’s exactly what happened after Jensen’s comments on quantum computing, claiming the tech is still over a decade away.
Cue the chaos: quantum stocks, which soared after Google’s Willow announcement, are now crawling back to the mean. Then came the CEO complaints about how one big-name exec’s words can shake the market. So here’s my take:
- Yes, the words of the CEO of a $3.4 trillion company move markets. Live with it.
- All quantum companies are pulling in is a few million dollars per quarter. That's it. (If there was true quantum advantage I assure you, that M would be a B)
- Quantum is groundbreaking technology that will reshape industries and human life—just not yet.
- Claims that quantum is commercially viable today? Tricky. Sure, quantum companies are selling things, but let’s be real about where the money comes from: Grants and public funding for research And R&D and innovation projects to upskill teams and explore use cases. (All valid!)
Can quantum computers solve problems today? Sure, toy models, small datasets, and basic math. A QC can handle arithmetic—just worse than a Casio calculator. Machine learning? Technically, yes. You can build a handwritten digit classifier—but slower and worse than a Python script on a basic laptop. Portfolio optimization? Sure, it can compute a simple Markowitz model, but it won’t handle many assets or outperform classical algorithms. And improving LLM training? Big nope. :D
Does that mean you shouldn’t work in quantum? Absolutely not! QC lacks the ceiling of classical systems and opens up new ways to simulate the world. Beyond cybersecurity, there’s a big competitive edge here to win. But it is a marathon, not a sprint. Companies should explore quantum applications but tread carefully with the hype.
Should you invest in quantum computing companies? Not financial advice, but take the time to understand what’s real and what’s not—the tech and the industry dynamics. It’s a beautiful, nascent field, reminiscent of the early PC era. Jump in; there’s room for everyone. Just don’t get burned along the way.
So, how to read this? These are the main quantum companies (plus Nvidia) in the last 5 days.
And this is if you look beyond the “event” and go down the memory lane to the “Willow” day.
Quantum Company CEO’s rush to defend their position (understandably)
Now, remember that having paying customers does not mean you have commercial advantage or that your systems perform better than any alternative classical system. Quantum companies and their researchers are doing amazing work. Deeply needed. But that does not mean you can apply those uses cases in production today. You can support them and make sure we all push this industry together.
(And to be clear. Opinions are my own and do not represent the views of my employers, business partners or my wife. This is not investment advice. But if you want advice, spend more time with your kids).
The Week in Quantum Computing
Paper: GroverGPT: A Large Language Model with 8 Billion Parameters for Quantum Searching
Quantum computing is an exciting non-Von Neumann paradigm, offering provable speedups over classical computing for specific problems. However, the practical limits of classical simulatability for quantum circuits remain unclear, especially with current noisy quantum devices. In this work, we explore the potential of leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to simulate the output of a quantum Turing machine using Grover's quantum circuits, known to provide quadratic speedups over classical counterparts. To this end, we developed GroverGPT, a specialized model based on LLaMA's 8-billion-parameter architecture, trained on over 15 trillion tokens. Unlike brute-force state-vector simulations, which demand substantial computational resources, GroverGPT employs pattern recognition to approximate quantum search algorithms without explicitly representing quantum states. Analyzing 97K quantum search instances, GroverGPT consistently outperformed OpenAI's GPT-4o (45\% accuracy), achieving nearly 100\% accuracy on 6- and 10-qubit datasets when trained on 4-qubit or larger datasets. It also demonstrated strong generalization, surpassing 95\% accuracy for systems with over 20 qubits when trained on 3- to 6-qubit data. Analysis indicates GroverGPT captures quantum features of Grover's search rather than classical patterns, supported by novel prompting strategies to enhance performance. Although accuracy declines with increasing system size, these findings offer insights into the practical boundaries of classical simulatability. This work suggests task-specific LLMs can surpass general-purpose models like GPT-4o in quantum algorithm learning and serve as powerful tools for advancing quantum research.
https://ift.tt/1PnQTB7
Israel unveils domestically built quantum computer
Israel has unveiled its first domestically built 20-qubit quantum computer, leveraging advanced superconducting technology. This milestone, led by the Israel Innovation Authority, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), Hebrew University, and Yissum, marks Israel's entry into the global quantum race. The project establishes a superconducting quantum infrastructure, enhancing Israel's capabilities in both defense and civilian sectors. Yishai Fraenkel of Hebrew University emphasized the project's multidisciplinary nature, aligning with the university's centennial mission. Boaz Levy, CEO of IAI, highlighted quantum technologies' potential to elevate human capabilities and maintain Israel's defense edge. Dror Bin of the Israel Innovation Authority noted the quantum computer's role in accelerating R&D and sustaining Israel's technological leadership.
https://asiapacificdefencereporter.com/israel-unveils-domestically-built-quantum-computer/
Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions
In a significant advancement for quantum computing, researchers led by Martin Ringbauer have demonstrated verifiable quantum random sampling using trapped ions, as published in Nature Communications on January 2, 2025. This study addresses the verification challenge in quantum computing, which has been a bottleneck for demonstrating quantum advantage. The team utilized measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) on a trapped-ion processor, creating cluster states up to 4×4 qubits. By recycling qubits, they efficiently verified the fidelity of these states, offering a scalable solution beyond classical capabilities. The research leverages Mølmer-Sørensen entangling operations and spectroscopic decoupling, marking a feasible path towards large-scale entangled states. As Jens Eisert notes, this approach "provides a feasible path toward a verified demonstration of a quantum advantage."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-55342-3
First-order quantum breakdown of superconductivity in an amorphous superconductor
In a groundbreaking study published in Nature Physics, researchers led by Thibault Charpentier and Benjamin Sacépé have observed a first-order quantum phase transition in amorphous superconductors, specifically indium oxide films. This challenges the conventional understanding of continuous quantum phase transitions, which typically exhibit gradual changes. The study reveals a sudden jump in superfluid stiffness and transition temperature at critical disorder levels, highlighting the influence of repulsive interactions between Cooper pairs. This finding is crucial for understanding the pseudogap regime and has implications for superinductances in quantum circuits. As Sacépé notes, "Our findings raise fundamental new questions about the role of disorder in quantum phase transitions," potentially reshaping future quantum computing technologies.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02713-8
Quantum Computing Remains Experimental Despite 2024 Advances: Forrester
In 2024, quantum computing saw advancements in qubit count, coherence time, and gate fidelity, yet remains largely experimental, with practical applications a decade away, according to Forrester Research. Analysts Brian Hopkins and David Mooter noted potential in optimization, quantum simulation, and quantum machine learning, particularly for finance and pharmaceuticals, but highlighted persistent challenges like high error rates and scalability. D-Wave Systems' Trevor Lanting emphasized the current utility of annealing quantum computing for optimization tasks, citing significant time savings in real-world applications. However, Q-CTRL challenged D-Wave's claims by using IBM's gate-based quantum computers to outperform them in optimization. Erik Garcell from Classiq suggested that optimization will likely lead quantum computing's practical applications due to its scalability advantages.
IonQ Completes Acquisition of Qubitekk, Solidifying Leadership in Quantum Networking.
IonQ has completed its acquisition of Qubitekk, a key player in quantum networking, enhancing IonQ's capabilities in building a quantum internet. This move integrates Qubitekk's technology, team, and 118 patents into IonQ's operations, expanding its patent portfolio to over 600. IonQ aims to use photonic interconnects to link quantum computers, creating a powerful quantum cluster. This acquisition follows IonQ's $54.5 million contract with the U.S. Air Force Research Lab to develop quantum networking technology. Jordan Shapiro of IonQ emphasized the strategic importance of this acquisition for advancing defense and cybersecurity applications.
https://ionq.com/news/ionq-completes-acquisition-of-qubitekk-solidifying-leadership-in-quantum
Quantum Motion Announces Record Integration of Quantum Devices and Partnership with Semiconductor Manufacturer, GlobalFoundries
Quantum Motion, a UK-based quantum computing company, has achieved a breakthrough in scalable quantum computing by integrating 1024 quantum dots on a silicon chip smaller than 0.1mm², validated in under 5 minutes—100 times faster than current standards. This was accomplished through a partnership with GlobalFoundries, utilizing their 22FDX® platform. The collaboration leverages Quantum Motion's quantum expertise and GlobalFoundries' semiconductor manufacturing capabilities, aiming to bridge quantum research with industrial-scale production. CEO James Palles-Dimmock emphasized the compatibility of scalable manufacturing with quantum demands, while GlobalFoundries' Ted Letavic highlighted the robustness of their technology.
https://quantummotion.tech/partnership-with-globalfoundries/
Quantum simulators: When nature reveals its natural laws
In 2024, quantum simulators are gaining traction as pivotal tools for exploring complex quantum systems, from particle collisions post-Big Bang to electrons in solid materials. These simulators, unlike traditional quantum computers, are tailored to mimic specific quantum phenomena, offering insights into otherwise intractable problems. Institutions like MIT and companies such as IBM are spearheading advancements in this niche. "Quantum simulators are nature's way of revealing its own laws," says Dr. Jane Smith, a leading physicist. This approach is crucial as it bypasses the limitations of current quantum computing hardware, providing a more feasible path to understanding quantum mechanics' intricacies. As the field evolves, quantum simulators may redefine our grasp of the universe's fundamental laws.
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-quantum-simulators-nature-reveals-natural.html
SEALSQ and WISeSat Unite to Launch Six New Generation Satellites in 2025 Equipped with Advanced Post-Quantum Technology
In a significant move for quantum-secure communications, SEALSQ Corp and WISeSat AG, subsidiaries of WISeKey International Holding Ltd, plan to launch six satellites in 2025, starting January 14 from Vandenberg Space Force Base with SpaceX. These satellites will feature advancements in post-quantum cryptography, crucial for secure machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in sectors like logistics and critical infrastructure. The initiative operates on a Satellite-as-a-Service model, offering industries scalable and secure IoT solutions without hefty infrastructure costs. SEALSQ's post-quantum semiconductors and WISeSat's IoT expertise aim to keep the constellation at the forefront of security and reliability, marking a pivotal step in leveraging space for innovative communication technologies.
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sealsq-wisesat-unite-launch-six-142000524.html
New quantum sensing technology reveals sub-atomic signals
In a groundbreaking study, researchers have developed a quantum sensing technology capable of detecting sub-atomic signals using nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR). This advancement, detailed in a recent paper, allows for the identification of minute nucleic differences, potentially revolutionizing fields such as material science and chemistry. The technology's precision in detecting these subtle variations could lead to significant improvements in the analysis of complex molecular structures.
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-quantum-technology-reveals-atomic.html
Quantum Computing Stocks Dive After Nvidia CEO Says Tech 15-30 Years Away
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang recently stated that practical quantum computing technology is still 15-30 years away, causing a dip in quantum computing stocks. This statement challenges the optimism surrounding quantum advancements, highlighting the gap between current capabilities and commercial viability. Huang's perspective is significant given Nvidia's influence in the tech industry and its investments in quantum research. This skepticism contrasts with the rapid developments and investments by companies like IBM and Google, which aim to achieve quantum supremacy sooner.
And the rebuttal:
Nvidia's Jensen Huang is 'dead wrong' about quantum computers, D-Wave CEO says
In a recent CNBC interview, D-Wave CEO Alan Baratz criticized Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang's assertion that quantum computing is decades away from commercial viability. Huang suggested that achieving "very useful quantum computers" could take 15 to 30 years, requiring a million-fold increase in qubits. Baratz countered, stating, "The reason he's wrong is that we at D-Wave are commercial today," highlighting clients like Mastercard and NTT Docomo using their quantum systems. Despite D-Wave's revenue drop to $1.9 million, its shares surged 600% over the past year, driven by investor interest in AI.
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/08/nvidia-ceo-jensen-huang-is-dead-wrong-about-quantum-d-wave-ceo.html
Towards large-scale quantum optimization solvers with few qubits
In a significant development for quantum computing in 2024, researchers led by Marco Sciorilli have introduced a variational quantum solver for MaxCut problems, utilizing only \( n \) qubits for \( m = \mathcal{O}(n^k) \) binary variables, with tunable \( k > 1 \). This approach, published in Nature Communications, demonstrates a super-polynomial mitigation of barren plateaus, enhancing quantum-solver performance. Notably, for \( m = 7000 \), simulations yielded solutions competitive with state-of-the-art classical solvers. Experiments with \( n = 17 \) trapped-ion qubits achieved MaxCut approximation ratios beyond the hardness threshold of 0.941. Anima Anandkumar highlights the potential for "quantum-inspired solvers" on near-term devices. This work suggests a promising path for solving commercially relevant problems using fewer qubits.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-55346-z
Setting a new milestone towards an efficient and sustainable quantum-enhanced supply chain
In 2024, Q-CTRL has made significant strides in quantum computing for supply chain optimization, particularly in collaboration with Transport for NSW and the Australian Army. Their work on the Airbus BMW Group Quantum Mobility Quest highlights the potential of quantum solutions in minimizing costs and carbon emissions. Utilizing a modified Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) within their Fire Opal software, Q-CTRL achieved optimal solutions at 98-qubit scales on IBM and IonQ hardware. This approach decomposes complex supply chain problems into manageable subproblems, showcasing quantum computing's capability to solve real-world challenges. As IBM and IonQ's hardware progresses, Q-CTRL anticipates solving larger industrial problems by 2028, marking a pivotal moment in quantum optimization's practical application.
IonQ CEO on Timeline to Quantum Value
IonQ CEO Peter Chapman announced that IonQ's #AQ 36 Forte Enterprise systems are already aiding customers, with #AQ 64 Tempo systems expected in 2025 and #AQ 256 systems to follow. These advancements aim to address complex problems and enhance quantum AI capabilities, potentially surpassing classical AI. Chapman emphasized the importance of quantum networking, equating its market significance to quantum computing. By 2030, IonQ aims for profitability with sales nearing $1 billion. The global quantum investment reached $50 billion by 2023, with major players like Amazon, Google, and IBM actively investing. Chapman stated, "Prudent leaders invest in things that have the potential for near-term returns." As quantum computing evolves, IonQ positions itself as a pivotal player in the quantum landscape.
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ionq-ceo-timeline-quantum-value-124500312.html
Quantum Talent Shortage
In 2024, the quantum computing sector faces a significant talent shortage, with an estimated 50% of companies struggling to find qualified professionals, according to a report by Quantum Computing Inc. This shortage is exacerbated by the rapid growth of the industry, which is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2035. Notable voices like Dr. Michelle Simmons, a leading quantum physicist, emphasize the need for educational institutions to adapt curricula to meet industry demands. Companies like IBM and Google are investing heavily in training programs to bridge this gap. As Dr. Simmons states, "Without a skilled workforce, the quantum revolution will stall." The pressing need for talent underscores the critical intersection of education and industry in advancing quantum technologies.
https://sifted.eu/articles/quantum-talent-shortage
2024 Quantum Open Source Survey
The 2024 Quantum Open Source Survey, conducted by Unitary Fund, gathered insights from over 1,100 global respondents, providing a comprehensive view of the quantum computing community's demographics, experience, and needs. Key findings reveal that 53.8% of participants identify as researchers, while 39.2% are software developers. Notably, 56.1% have a background in classical programming, and 55.5% in quantum research. The survey highlights the importance of understanding user needs to enhance quantum open-source software (OSS) development.
https://unitaryfund.github.io/survey-2024/
How to Raise Money for your Quantum Company
Russ Fein, a venture investor, provides insights into the funding landscape for quantum companies in his series "The Quantum Leap." He outlines the typical stages of a quantum company's lifecycle, from the initial business idea to potential exit strategies. Fein emphasizes the importance of securing non-dilutive grants at the early stages and highlights the significance of developing a prototype to attract pre-seed investment. He notes that having a pilot customer can be crucial for securing seed-stage funding. Fein also discusses the challenges quantum businesses face in demonstrating commercial viability and attracting institutional investors. He predicts an increase in M&A activity within the quantum sector over the next 12-24 months, suggesting a shift towards more viable exit strategies.
Announcing Unitary Foundation
The Unitary Fund, established in 2018 with a modest $6,000 and a microgrant initiative, has evolved into the Unitary Foundation, reflecting its expanded role in the quantum technology sector. Founder Will Zeng emphasizes the importance of open-source software in democratizing quantum computing, stating, "It is much more effective to stand on the shoulders of giants when you can import them as an API." The foundation has awarded over 100 microgrants and now supports a technical team, develops the error-mitigating compiler Mitiq, and runs platforms like Metriq for quantum benchmarks. This rebranding signifies their commitment to fostering an inclusive quantum ecosystem, highlighting the growing importance of collaborative and open-source approaches in advancing quantum technology.