The Week in Quantum Computing - July 29th 2024 - PsiQuantum goes to Illinois, ClassiQ, QPerfect
Issue #195
The Week in Quantum Computing. Brought to you by Sergio Gago (@piratecto).
Quick Recap
A long-standing controversy on Quantum Annealing has been resolved using GPU-powered supercomputers. Using 2 million GPU hours at CINECA's Leonardo facility and additional resources from Luxembourg, Spain, and Italy. Their study, published in Nature, focused on the behavior of magnetic particles in a two-dimensional plane, which is crucial for optimizing quantum annealing algorithms. Classiq and QuEra Computing have announced a strategic collaboration to integrate QuEra's neutral-atom quantum computers into Classiq's quantum software platform. Classiq also launched Qmod, their high-level quantum programming language. Researchers at the University of Chicago have also made a breakthrough by combining trapped atom arrays and photonic devices, paving the way for scalable quantum systems. QCentroid and DataMarket have partnered to transform Big Data and AI applications. Quantum Transistors secured up to $19 million from the European Innovation Council to advance quantum computing on a chip. PsiQuantum, in collaboration with the state of Illinois, plans to construct the largest quantum computing facility in the US, aiming for a quantum computer with up to 1 million qubits within the next decade. QPerfect's MIMIQ 1.0, a “virtual” quantum computer aimed for experimentation and algorithm design
And one paper: “How to solve the Traveller Salesman with one Qubit”
This is the typical paper that sometimes hits the media as a massive breakthrough. And in a way, it is. The researchers have found a pretty interesting way of encoding the information. But still, many have jumped on social media claiming that “we do not need massive qubit devices to solve NP-Hard problems”. Which is untrue and a big jump. In short: I’m sorry, you DO need to read the paper.
“All the possible routes for a given problem are accessed by creating a superposition of the quantum states at each geodesic and the optimal route is found by calibrating the rotation operators using the SPSA optimizer. We show that for four- to six-city TSP, the algorithm finds the exact solution for most of the problem instances, which is much better than the current quantum schemes in terms of accuracy and resources. The protocol becomes more sensitive to noise/errors when more quantum states are placed closely on a geodesic”That is, using a classical optimization algorithm (commonly used in classical machine learning) that allows them to encode six nodes in the graph. Nothing is said about the scalability of that part of the problem but we all know where it is going. Of course you can probably optimize a 6 node network by hand.
Can this scale?
Finding the optimal TSP path among the various allowed paths on a Bloch sphere can be treated as a quantum search problem, and the same polynomial speedup over classical algorithms seen in [21] can be expected from our algorithm. However, in order to rigorously establish a polynomial quantum advantage for our algorithm, we need to define concepts such as “quantum phase oracle” and “inversion about the average” which will be the focus of future work.This looks like a Grover-like algorithm, therefore there must be some efficiencies (with the exception of the backpropagation part!) so please, lets investigate further to see if that’s true.
To be clear: I liked the paper and the encoding approach, as well as the optimization. To my knowledge, it is novel and interesting. I believe it has no future though (please prove me wrong!) because of the reasons mentioned above. My point with this is that when you read a headline like that, you have no option than reading the paper and driving conclusions yourself.
The Week in Quantum Computing
GPU-Armed Scientists Solve A Quantum Annealing Debate
European researchers have resolved a "decades-old controversy" in quantum annealing using GPU-powered supercomputers, as detailed in Nature. The study, led by Nobel laureate Giorgio Parisi, utilized 2 million GPU hours at CINECA's Leonardo facility and additional resources from Luxembourg, Spain, and Italy. The research focused on the behavior of magnetic particles in a two-dimensional plane, crucial for optimizing quantum annealing algorithms.
This suggests that quantum annealers, like those produced by D-Wave, can still potentially achieve polynomial-time performance for solving NP-complete problems if they can effectively manage parity-changing excitations. This positions quantum annealing firms to capitalize on optimization problems where classical approaches struggle, especially if they can innovate on hardware to robustly implement these symmetry constraints
https://www.nextplatform.com/2024/07/22/gpu-armed-scientists-solve-a-quantum-annealing-debate/
Classiq and QuEra Announce Integration of Neutral-Atom Quantum Computers into Classiq Platform
Classiq and QuEra Computing have announced a strategic collaboration to integrate QuEra's neutral-atom quantum computers into Classiq's quantum software platform. This partnership will enable users to optimize various quantum and hybrid algorithms, leveraging QuEra's advanced capabilities such as multi-qubit operations and qubit shuttling. Nir Minerbi, CEO of Classiq, highlighted the significance of this integration, stating it offers "unprecedented opportunities to enhance and optimize quantum algorithms." Yuval Boger, Chief Commercial Officer of QuEra, emphasized the potential for groundbreaking results.
Combining trapped atoms and photonics for new quantum devices
Researchers at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have successfully combined trapped atom arrays and photonic devices, paving the way for advanced quantum computing, simulation, and networking systems. Graduate students Noah Glachman and Shankar Menon, under the guidance of Assistant Professor Hannes Bernien, developed a semi-open chip geometry that allows atom arrays to interface with photonic chips without disrupting quantum states. This innovation enables scalable quantum systems by moving atoms between computation and interconnect regions. The new platform can connect multiple atom arrays, significantly increasing the speed and capacity of quantum information transmission. Bernien stated, "It is not only fundamentally interesting but also has a lot of practical applications." This breakthrough represents a significant step toward building larger and more interconnected quantum computers.
https://phys.org/news/2024-07-combining-atoms-photonics-quantum-devices.html
QCentroid and DataMarket Partner to Revolutionize Big Data and AI
QCentroid and DataMarket have announced a strategic partnership aimed at transforming Big Data and AI applications. QCentroid, a quantum computing platform, will integrate DataMarket’s extensive data portfolio to enhance data-driven insights and decision-making across various sectors. This collaboration will provide QCentroid’s users with streamlined access to over 850 million clean data records, reducing reliance on synthetic data. Carlos Kuchkovsky, CEO of QCentroid, emphasized that the partnership will enhance their ability to deliver real-world solutions. Álvaro García Hernández de Alba, CEO of DataMarket, highlighted the goal of setting new standards in Big Data and AI.
https://qcentroid.xyz/news/qcentroid-and-datamarket-partner-to-revolutionize-big-data-and-ai/
Quantum Transistors gets $19M award to enable quantum computing on a chip
Quantum Transistors, based in Tel Aviv, has secured up to $19 million from the European Innovation Council (EIC) to advance quantum computing on a chip. This includes an initial $2.7 million grant and a future $16.3 million equity investment. CEO Shmuel Bachinsky emphasized the goal of making quantum computing as accessible as classical computing. The company aims to overcome current quantum computing limitations by developing an integrated universal quantum processor with native photonics, reducing costs and infrastructure needs. Out of 969 proposals, Quantum Transistors was one of 68 selected for funding, highlighting its innovative approach.
https://venturebeat.com/ai/quantum-transistors-gets-19m-award-to-enable-quantum-computing-on-a-chip/
Real-Life Use Cases Demonstrate Useful Quantum is Closer Than Expected. Real-Life Use Cases Demonstrate Useful Quantum is Closer Than Expected
Recent advancements in quantum computing suggest practical applications are nearer than anticipated. IBM, Google, and Rigetti are at the forefront, showcasing quantum systems solving real-world problems. IBM's Quantum System One has been utilized for complex simulations in chemistry, while Google’s Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy by solving a problem in 200 seconds that would take classical supercomputers 10,000 years. Rigetti's hybrid quantum-classical approach is being tested in financial modeling. "We are on the cusp of a new era in computing," stated IBM's Dario Gil. These developments indicate that quantum computing is transitioning from theoretical research to tangible, impactful solutions.
Classiq Unveils Qmod: The Game-Changing High-Level Language for Quantum Computing
Classiq has launched Qmod, the first high-level language (HLL) for quantum coding, now available globally. Qmod allows developers to describe quantum algorithms at a high level of abstraction, making quantum computing more accessible. Heather West, PhD, Research Manager at IDC, emphasized the necessity of abstraction-level programming for widespread quantum adoption. Qmod's declarative nature and interoperability with Python and graphical representations simplify quantum algorithm development. CEO Nir Minerbi highlighted that Qmod can reduce code complexity significantly, likening its impact to Java for the web. Classiq's platform ensures seamless compilation across various hardware, supporting rapid benchmarking and optimal implementations.
Introducing MIMIQ 1.0: The World’s Most Powerful Virtual Quantum Computer
QPerfect unveiled MIMIQ 1.0, the world's most powerful virtual quantum computer, at Q2B in Tokyo. MIMIQ 1.0, rigorously tested by industry experts, is designed for large-scale quantum algorithm development, handling thousands of qubits and millions of gates. It aids research centers, consulting firms, and hardware manufacturers in preparing for quantum computing's transformative potential. Masella highlighted, “I am incredibly proud of the hard work and dedication our team has put into making this project possible.” MIMIQ 1.0 represents a significant advancement in quantum computing emulation and optimization.
Paper: Solving The Travelling Salesman Problem Using A Single Qubit
Researchers Kapil Goswami, Gagan Anekonda Veereshi, Peter Schmelcher, and Rick Mukherjee have developed a novel algorithm to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) using a single qubit, leveraging quantum parallelism. Traditional quantum methods for TSP are resource-intensive, but this new approach represents cities as quantum states on the Bloch sphere and uses optimal control methods to create superpositions, enabling the traversal of multiple paths simultaneously. Numerical simulations for 4 to 9 cities yielded exact solutions, demonstrating higher resource efficiency and accuracy compared to existing quantum algorithms. This method holds potential for polynomial time speed-up over classical algorithms, marking a significant advancement in quantum computing applications for combinatorial optimization problems.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17207v1
PsiQuantum plans to build the biggest quantum computing facility in the US
PsiQuantum, in collaboration with the state of Illinois, is set to construct the largest quantum computing facility in the US, aiming to house a quantum computer with up to 1 million qubits within the next decade. Current quantum computers typically have around 1,000 qubits. PsiQuantum's photonic approach, which uses photons to create qubits, offers advantages such as higher operational temperatures and reduced cooling requirements. Pete Shadbolt, co-founder and chief scientific officer, emphasizes the efficiency and scalability of their technology. The project, involving the University of Chicago and other Illinois universities, faces significant challenges, particularly in infrastructure and algorithm development. PsiQuantum also plans a similar facility in Brisbane, Australia, operational by 2027.
Former U.S. Steel South Works site to be transformed into quantum computing park
PsiQuantum will transform the former U.S. Steel South Works site in Chicago into the Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park (IQMP), aiming to build the first utility-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer in the U.S. The project, backed by $1 billion in incentives, involves partnerships with the City of Chicago, the State of Illinois, Cook County, and institutions like the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the University of Chicago, and national labs Argonne and Fermi. Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker announced a $500 million commitment, including $200 million for a cryogenic plant. PsiQuantum CEO Jeremy O’Brien emphasized the project's role in transitioning quantum computing from theory to reality. The initiative aims to position Illinois as a quantum computing hub.
Canada Awards $7.4 Million for Quantum Technology Breakthroughs
The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) has allocated $7.4 million to three quantum technology projects at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) in Quebec. Led by Professors Sharif Sadaf and Roberto Morandotti, these initiatives aim to advance quantum communication, computing, and sensing. Sadaf's project, receiving $4.99 million, focuses on scalable quantum communication technologies. Another project, with $1.28 million, targets high-dimensional quantum information processing for cybersecurity and biomedicine. Morandotti's $1.28 million project aims to develop next-generation quantum electronics and optoelectronics. Collaborators include McGill University, University of Toronto, and industrial partners like Xanadu and CMC Microsystems. Professor Sadaf emphasizes, "Reaching our goal promises to bring about a major paradigm shift in the field in Canada and around the world."
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/canada-awards-7-4-million-for-quantum-technology-breakthroughs/
Toshiba : and Quantonation Announce Toshiba's Investment in Quantum Investment Fund Quantonation II to Strengthen Global Quantum Ecosystem Collaboration and Advance Quantum Internet
Toshiba has announced its investment in Quantonation II, a quantum investment fund managed by Quantonation, to bolster global quantum ecosystem collaboration and advance the quantum internet. This strategic move aims to enhance Toshiba's position in the quantum technology sector and foster innovation. Quantonation II focuses on early-stage quantum technology companies, supporting advancements in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Toshiba's investment underscores its commitment to pioneering quantum research and development. Jean-François Bobier, a partner at Quantonation, highlighted the importance of such collaborations in accelerating quantum technology's commercial viability. https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/TOSHIBA-6493713/news/Toshiba-and-Quantonation-Announce-Toshiba-s-Investment-in-Quantum-Investment-Fund-Quantonation-II-47476865/
DARPA's Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Aims to Fast-Track Industrial-Scale Quantum Computing with DOE and Air Force Collaboration
DARPA has launched the Quantum Benchmarking Initiative (QBI), led by program manager Joe Altepeter, to rigorously evaluate the feasibility of fault-tolerant quantum computers. Building on previous programs, Quantum Benchmarking (QB) and Underexplored Systems for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing (US2QC), QBI aims to determine if emerging quantum computing approaches can achieve industrial utility faster than expected. DARPA is collaborating with the Department of Energy’s Office of Science and the State of Illinois, leveraging expertise from the Air Force Research Laboratory. Ceren Susut of DOE emphasized the potential for quantum computing to accelerate scientific discovery. DARPA's approach combines skepticism with scientific rigor to validate transformative quantum technologies.
https://www.hpcwire.com/2024/07/25/darpa-dares-quantum-computing-community-to-succeed-will-it/
How JPMorgan Chase is prepping for Q Day
JPMorgan Chase is intensifying its efforts to prepare for the advent of quantum computing, anticipating significant benefits for the financial sector. Marco Pistoia, JPMorgan's global head of quantum computing, asserts that finance will be the first industry to benefit from quantum technology due to its need for real-time processing. Other banks like Wells Fargo, HSBC, and Credit Mutuel are collaborating with IBM, while Mastercard is exploring quantum applications with D-Wave. Key use cases include portfolio optimization, fraud detection, and Monte Carlo simulations. JPMorgan is also focusing on post-quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution to counter potential cybersecurity threats. Pistoia emphasizes the importance of layered defenses to safeguard against future quantum-enabled attacks.
https://www.americanbanker.com/news/how-jpmorgan-chase-is-prepping-for-q-day